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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Published on: January 12, 2022

Complement factor B expression profile in a spontaneous uveitis model.

Johanna K Zipplies¹, Michael Kirschfink, Barbara Amann

¹Institute of Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany.

|March 26, 2010

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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) involves complement system activation, a key factor in eye inflammation and vision loss. Macrophages in the eye synthesize complement, contributing to this autoimmune condition.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Ophthalmology
Veterinary Medicine

Background:

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a valuable spontaneous model for human autoimmune uveitis.
Both conditions involve unpredictable relapses, chronic inflammation, retinal destruction, and eventual blindness.
The precise molecular mechanisms driving inflammation and retinal degeneration in ERU remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the complement system in equine recurrent uveitis.
To identify specific complement components and activation products involved in ERU pathogenesis.
To explore the presence and function of complement-activating cells within the inflamed retina.

Main Methods:

Serum analysis for complement component factor B and its split products (B/Ba, B/Bb, Bb neoantigen, iC3b, C3d, C5b-9).

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Immunohistochemical examination of retinal tissue to detect complement activation and cellular markers.

Co-localization of complement split products with macrophage markers (CD68) in infiltrating cells.

Main Results:

Elevated levels of factor B and complement split products (B/Ba, B/Bb, Bb neoantigen, iC3b, C3d) were observed in ERU cases compared to healthy controls.
No significant difference in C5b-9 levels was detected between groups.
Activated complement components (Bb neoantigen, C3d) and macrophage markers (CD68) were found on infiltrating cells within the retina.

Conclusions:

The complement system is activated both systemically and within the eye during equine recurrent uveitis.
Macrophages infiltrating the retina play a role in local complement synthesis and activation.
These findings suggest a novel mechanism involving macrophages in ERU pathogenesis and highlight the complement system as a therapeutic target.