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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
08:12

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels

Published on: May 26, 2023

How do annuloplasty rings affect mitral leaflet dynamic motion?

Wolfgang Bothe1, John-Peder Escobar Kvitting, Julia C Swanson

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rigid annuloplasty rings (ARs) like RSAR, PHYSIO, ETL, and GEO increase anterior mitral leaflet (AML) motion, potentially stressing the leaflet. The GEO ring also reduced posterior mitral leaflet (PML) motion, possibly affecting heart function.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
08:12

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels

Published on: May 26, 2023

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Mitral valve repair often involves annuloplasty rings (ARs) to restore annular geometry.
  • The dynamic effects of different ARs on mitral leaflet motion are not fully understood.
  • Understanding leaflet dynamics is crucial for optimizing repair durability and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of various annuloplasty rings (ARs) on the dynamic motion of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and posterior mitral leaflet (PML).
  • To compare the effects of different AR designs on leaflet excursion and bending stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Radiopaque markers were implanted in sheep mitral annuli and leaflets (AML and PML).
  • Five types of true-sized ARs (COS, RSAR, PHYSIO, ETL, GEO) were implanted.
  • 4D videofluoroscopy captured marker coordinates to calculate leaflet excursions during the cardiac cycle.

Main Results:

  • RSAR, PHYSIO, ETL, and GEO rings significantly increased AML annular and belly region excursion compared to controls.
  • The COS ring did not significantly alter AML excursion.
  • The GEO ring significantly reduced PML excursion, while other rings had no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Rigid ARs (RSAR, PHYSIO, ETL, GEO) may increase anterior mitral leaflet bending stresses, potentially impacting repair durability.
  • Reduced posterior mitral leaflet excursion with the GEO ring might impair left ventricular filling.
  • Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings in patients.