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Related Concept Videos

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Elasticity in Concrete

Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear portion of...

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Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth
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Published on: February 9, 2012

An inverse problem approach for elasticity imaging through vibroacoustics.

Miguel A Aguiló1, Wilkins Aquino, John C Brigham

  • 1School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. maa62@cornell.edu

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to map tissue stiffness using sound waves. It employs Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF) for accurate imaging of biological structures, aiding in disease detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Estimating material properties like elastic moduli is crucial for diagnosing biological tissues.
  • Existing methods may lack the resolution or accuracy needed for complex tissue structures.
  • Non-invasive techniques are highly desirable for medical imaging and diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a methodology for estimating the spatial distribution of elastic moduli in solids immersed in fluids.
  • To apply this technique for non-invasively characterizing biological structures, such as breast tissue, by mapping Young's modulus.
  • To introduce Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF) as an efficient tool for representing elastic moduli variations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the steady-state dynamic acoustic response of a solid excited remotely.
  • Employed Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF) to model the spatial variations of elastic moduli.
  • Solved the coupled acoustic-structure interaction problem in the frequency domain using the finite element method (FEM).
  • Formulated the inverse problem as an optimization task, minimizing the difference between measured and simulated responses using non-gradient algorithms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed inverse characterization method through simulations and experimental validation.
  • Showcased the ability of GRBF to efficiently represent complex elastic moduli distributions, including those found in biological tissues with abnormalities.
  • Confirmed that the technique can accurately estimate the spatial distribution of Young's modulus.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methodology offers a viable approach for non-invasively estimating spatial elastic moduli distributions.
  • GRBF provide an effective means to represent tissue heterogeneity for improved diagnostic imaging.
  • The technique holds potential for applications in medical diagnostics, particularly for detecting abnormalities like tumors and calcifications.