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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Types of Coprecipitation

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

Precipitation Processes

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Published on: April 3, 2018

Dust resuspension without saltation.

Gwen A Loosmore¹, James R Hunt

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. ( loosmore@uclink4.berkeley.edu ).

Journal of Geophysical Research

|March 26, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wind erosion models often overlook steady dust flux. Experiments show a continuous, albeit small, dust release from fine materials, potentially transporting atmospheric contaminants.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

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Published on: April 3, 2018

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Electrostatic Method to Remove Particulate Organic Matter from Soil

Electrostatic Method to Remove Particulate Organic Matter from Soil

Published on: February 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Science
Geophysics

Background:

Wind erosion models typically assume dust flux is transient without abrasion.
Existing models parameterize dust resuspension using threshold velocity or abrasion flux.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate steady dust flux from fine materials in the absence of abrasion.
To evaluate the significance of this flux for contaminant transport.

Main Methods:

Laboratory experiments with uncrusted fine material at relative humidities >40%.
Measurement of dust flux (F(d)) as a function of friction velocity (u*).

Main Results:

A long-term steady dust flux was observed, described by F(d) = 3.6(u*)(3).
These steady fluxes are generally small for dust emission but significant for contaminant transport.
Substantial dust release occurs during the initial transient phase.

Conclusions:

Steady dust flux from fine materials can occur even without abrasion.
This phenomenon offers a pathway for atmospheric contaminant transport.
Particle friction Reynolds number may be a superior parameter for correlating fluxes and abrasion potential.