Animal models of acute surgical pain

Animal models of tissue injury have been used to investigate the mechanisms of pain. Here, we describe a variety of animal models that have been used to mimic acute surgical pain in human subjects, which include the plantar, tail, and gastrocnemius incision models. We also provide discussion on animal models of laparotomy, thoracotomy, visceral pain, and bone injury. Preclinical studies using these models have provided insights into the mechanisms and causes of acute surgical pain as well as the treatment options to control postsurgical pain.