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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

ES Cell-derived Neuroepithelial Cell Cultures
07:45

ES Cell-derived Neuroepithelial Cell Cultures

Published on: November 30, 2006

Mesoderm cell development from ES cells.

Takumi Era1

  • 1Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. tera@kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel cell surface markers to identify mesoderm intermediates during pluripotent stem cell differentiation. This method aids in understanding and purifying mesodermal cells from embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Differentiation

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are promising for regenerative medicine.
  • In vitro differentiation lacks positional information, necessitating reliable markers to track cell fate.
  • Identifying intermediate cell types is crucial for understanding and controlling differentiation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize cell surface markers for identifying mesoderm intermediates during ES cell differentiation.
  • To dissect the differentiation pathways of mesodermal cells.
  • To establish a method for inducing and purifying mesodermal cells from both ES and iPS cell cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of specific cell surface markers targeting various mesoderm types.
  • Application of these markers in ES cell differentiation cultures.
  • Analysis of identified intermediates and their subsequent differentiation trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of key mesoderm intermediates during ES cell differentiation.
  • Dissection of specific differentiation pathways leading to mesodermal cell types.
  • Demonstration of the utility of developed markers in monitoring differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Novel cell surface markers enable precise identification and monitoring of mesoderm intermediates.
  • The developed method facilitates a deeper understanding of mesoderm differentiation pathways.
  • This approach is applicable for inducing and purifying mesodermal cells from both ES and iPS cells, advancing therapeutic potential.