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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Atopic dermatitis - current insights into path physiology and management].

Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier1, Barbara K Ballmer-Weber

  • 1Allergiestation, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich. peter.schmid@usz.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Atopic eczema (AE) is a complex skin disease influenced by genetics and environment. Treatment involves a stepwise approach, including emollients, topical corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory drugs, with new therapies under investigation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Atopic eczema (AE) is a multifactorial skin condition with genetic, immunological, and environmental influences.
  • Two subtypes exist: IgE-associated (extrinsic) and non-IgE-associated (intrinsic), impacting prognosis for respiratory diseases.
  • Filaggrin gene mutations are linked to AE, leading to altered skin structure and increased susceptibility to microbial colonization, like Staphylococcus aureus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies for atopic eczema.
  • To highlight the role of allergens, genetic factors, and microbial interactions in AE development.
  • To discuss the efficacy and safety of established and emerging treatments for AE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on atopic eczema.
  • Analysis of etiological factors including genetics, immunology, and environmental triggers.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions from basic emollients to systemic treatments and biologics.

Main Results:

  • AE pathogenesis involves complex interactions between skin barrier defects, immune dysregulation, and microbial factors.
  • Allergen sensitization patterns change with age, from food allergens in children to mites and microbes in adults.
  • Current treatments include emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical immunomodulators, phototherapy, and systemic agents, with biologics in development.

Conclusions:

  • Atopic eczema management requires a personalized, stepwise approach tailored to disease severity and patient factors.
  • Understanding the interplay of genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, and immune responses is crucial for effective AE treatment.
  • Ongoing research into novel therapies like biologics promises improved outcomes for severe atopic eczema.