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Tetanus

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...

Diphtheria

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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[Maternal tetanus in Dakar from 2000 to 2007].

N M Manga, N M Dia, C T Ndour

Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps De Sante Colonial

|March 27, 2010

Summary

Maternal tetanus (MT) cases are declining in Dakar, Senegal, but remain dangerous. Septic abortion was the main cause, with a high mortality rate of 44.4% for MT patients.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology
Obstetrics & Gynecology

Context:

Maternal tetanus (MT) poses a significant risk, particularly in regions with limited access to prenatal care and vaccination.
Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, serves as a key referral center for infectious diseases, including tetanus cases.

Purpose:

To assess the epidemiological, clinical, and outcome features of maternal tetanus (MT) in Dakar, Senegal.
To analyze trends in MT incidence and identify associated risk factors and complications.

Summary:

This study analyzed 1156 tetanus admissions from 2000-2007, identifying 9 cases of maternal tetanus (MT).
MT patients, with a mean age of 28.3 years, predominantly resided in suburban areas and had fallen behind on vaccination schedules.
Septic abortion was the primary etiological factor, leading to a high MT mortality rate (44.4%), comparable to neonatal tetanus (48.5%) but exceeding that of women of childbearing age (25.6%).

Impact:

Despite a declining incidence of MT, the high mortality rate underscores the need for improved maternal health interventions.
Findings highlight the critical importance of systematic immunization programs and family planning services to eliminate maternal and newborn tetanus.