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Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
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Terrestrial reserve networks do not adequately represent aquatic ecosystems.

Matthew E Herbert1, Peter B McIntyre, Patrick J Doran

  • 1The Nature Conservancy, 101 East Grand River Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906-4374, USA. mherbert@tnc.org

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|March 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Protected areas poorly represent freshwater ecosystems. Conservation planning must include aquatic features, as terrestrial-focused protected areas offer weak protection for freshwater species and habitats.

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation science
  • Freshwater ecology
  • Protected area management

Background:

  • Protected areas are crucial for conservation but primarily focus on terrestrial environments.
  • Freshwater ecosystems and species face significant threats, yet their representation in protected areas is understudied.
  • Existing protected area networks may not adequately safeguard vital freshwater resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of protected areas in representing key freshwater features in Michigan.
  • To compare the representation of freshwater features with terrestrial features within conservation lands.
  • To identify gaps in protected area coverage for critical freshwater ecosystems and processes.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified coverage of wetlands, riparian zones, groundwater recharge areas, and rare species within conservation lands.
  • Compared freshwater feature representation against terrestrial feature representation.
  • Analyzed protected area effectiveness using GAP (Great Lakes Aquatic Protection) land classifications.

Main Results:

  • Wetlands were well-represented, but riparian zones were underrepresented, especially in headwater streams and large rivers.
  • Strictly protected lands (GAP 1-2) showed high riparian zone representation due to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Program.
  • Groundwater recharge areas were proportionally represented, but a key hotspot remained unprotected; aquatic species representation was lowest.

Conclusions:

  • Terrestrially focused protected areas provide insufficient protection for freshwater ecosystems.
  • There is a critical need to evaluate and enhance the inclusion of freshwater features in protected area planning.
  • Integrated conservation strategies addressing both freshwater and terrestrial targets are essential for long-term ecological health.