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Inflammation

Inflammation

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro

Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro

Published on: January 25, 2017

Neutrophil function in inflammation and inflammatory diseases.

Helen L Wright¹, Robert J Moots, Roger C Bucknall

¹School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

|March 27, 2010

Summary

Neutrophils are not bystanders in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These cells actively contribute to joint inflammation and damage through various mechanisms, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for RA.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro

Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro

Published on: January 25, 2017

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Published on: June 19, 2015

Detecting Migration and Infiltration of Neutrophils in Mice

Detecting Migration and Infiltration of Neutrophils in Mice

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Rheumatology

Background:

Neutrophils were historically considered terminally differentiated and irrelevant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Recent advances reveal complex neutrophil roles in RA pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the role of neutrophils in RA.
To highlight neutrophils as potential therapeutic targets for RA.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on neutrophil biology and RA.
Analysis of neutrophil functions within the rheumatoid joint.

Main Results:

Neutrophils are abundant in rheumatoid joints and contribute to inflammation and tissue damage.
They secrete proteases, inflammatory mediators, and present antigens.
Existing RA drugs modulate neutrophil functions.

Conclusions:

Neutrophils play a significant, underestimated role in RA persistence and joint destruction.
Targeting neutrophil functions presents a promising avenue for future RA therapies.