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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...

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Inorganic Arsenic Induces Elevated p53 Levels with Altered Functionality Impacting the Expression of Toll-like Receptor 3 and Other Target Genes in Immortalized Prostate Epithelial Cells.

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Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma
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Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Published on: March 13, 2013

Arsenic-specific stem cell selection during malignant transformation.

Erik J Tokar, Wei Qu, Jie Liu

    Journal of the National Cancer Institute
    |March 27, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Arsenic exposure promotes prostate cancer by increasing the survival and accumulation of stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). These stem cells exhibit enhanced resistance to apoptosis and adapt better to arsenic, leading to malignant transformation.

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    Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
    11:28

    Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics

    Published on: May 11, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Cancer Biology
    • Stem Cell Research

    Background:

    • Arsenic is a known carcinogen targeting the urogenital system, including the prostate.
    • Arsenic exposure is linked to the overaccumulation of stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), key players in cancer development.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of arsenic-induced prostate cancer is crucial, with stem cell dynamics potentially playing a critical role.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the hypothesis that prostate stem cells possess a survival advantage during arsenic exposure.
    • To determine if this advantage promotes stem cell accumulation and malignant transformation.
    • To elucidate the role of stem cell population dynamics in arsenic-induced prostate carcinogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed innate and acquired resistance to arsenite-induced cytolethality and apoptosis in human prostate stem cells (WPE-stem) and mature cells (RWPE-1).
    • Measured gene expression related to apoptosis, stress, and arsenic adaptation using RT-PCR and Western blot.
    • Compared CSC-like qualities in isogenic malignant transformants induced by arsenic, cadmium, or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

    Main Results:

    • WPE-stem cells demonstrated significantly higher innate resistance to arsenite-induced cell death and apoptosis compared to RWPE-1 cells.
    • WPE-stem cells exhibited increased expression of anti-apoptotic and stress-related genes, and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic genes.
    • Chronic arsenic exposure led to hyper-adaptability and increased LC(50) in WPE-stem cells, unlike RWPE-1 cells, and overproduction of CSC-like cells was specific to arsenic-induced malignant transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Prostate stem cells have a survival advantage under arsenic exposure, leading to their selection and accumulation during malignant transformation.
    • This selection results in an overabundance of CSC-like cells specifically following arsenic-driven malignant phenotype acquisition.
    • Increased apoptosis resistance and hyper-adaptability of stem cells suggest their central role in arsenite-induced prostate cancer development.