A hyperelastic and almost incompressible material model as an approach to intervertebral disc analysis

The literature contains many references to intervertebral disc analysis using experimental techniques which represent a basis for analytical and numerical approaches. The scatter of experimental results may be one reason for difficulties in interpretation. Apart from analytical approaches, which often seem inadequate to deal with the peculiar complexities of the problem, numerical techniques are reliable and can lead to significant results. In this work, a formulation based on the finite element method is described, adopting a nonlinear model with hyperelastic material configuration. Particular attention is paid to modelling the material constituting the nucleus, involving incompressibility characteristics and avoiding simulation techniques. This approach allows the mechanical behavior of the real configuration of the disc to be investigated and also provides a reliable analysis of disc degeneration phenomena. The theoretical and operational aspects of the formulation are reported. The results obtained are compared with responses from various numerical and experimental data.