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Related Experiment Videos

Haploidy or diploidy: which is better?

A S Kondrashov1, J F Crow

  • 1Research Computer Center, Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, USSR.

Nature
|May 23, 1991
PubMed
Summary

The efficiency of eliminating harmful mutations differs between haploid and diploid phases in sexual life cycles. Diploid selection is more efficient when mutations have small heterozygous effects, impacting life-cycle evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Life cycle evolution

Background:

  • Sexual reproduction's advantages are known, but haploid/diploid phase roles are less studied.
  • Life cycles vary, with some taxa having minimal haploid or diploid phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficiency of deleterious mutation elimination in haploid versus diploid selection.
  • To investigate how mutation load is affected by ploidy and selection modes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical comparison of mutation loads under haploid (Ln) and diploid (L2n) selection.
  • Analysis considering truncation-like selection, partial dominance, and heterozygous effects.

Main Results:

  • Diploid selection (L2n) is more efficient than haploid selection (Ln) when the heterozygous effect is less than ~1/4 of the hemizygous effect.
  • The converse is true when the heterozygous effect is larger.
  • The difference in efficiency becomes significant with genomic deleterious mutation rates exceeding approximately one per genome.

Conclusions:

  • Mutation rate, degree of dominance, and selection mode are crucial factors in shaping sexual life-cycle evolution.
  • The relative lengths of haploid and diploid phases may be influenced by the efficiency of purging deleterious mutations.

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