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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Risk and mid-level moral principles.

Nicolas Espinoza¹, Martin Peterson

¹Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.

|March 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores ethical decision-making in risk situations, introducing a new way to understand moral obligations. It concludes that some actions may be neither right nor wrong when ethical principles conflict, impacting risk assessment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Area of Science:

Bioethics
Moral Philosophy
Risk Assessment

Background:

Ethical decision-making in risk-prone situations is complex.
Existing frameworks like principlism offer guidance but face challenges with conflicting moral principles.
The ethical evaluation of actions involving risk requires nuanced analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the ethical dimensions of risk-taking, focusing on principlism and mid-level moral principles.
To propose a novel distinction between the strength and validity of moral obligations.
To analyze the implications of conflicting moral principles for determining the moral status of actions under risk, using pandemic influenza vaccines as a case study.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of ethical theories, particularly principlism.
Introduction of a new distinction between the strength and validity of moral obligations.
Application of the theoretical framework to real-world ethical dilemmas, specifically concerning pandemic influenza vaccines.

Main Results:

A new distinction is proposed between the strength of an obligation and its degree of validity.
In situations where mid-level moral principles conflict, the moral status of an act can be indeterminate.
This indeterminacy has significant implications for decision-making processes under conditions of risk.

Conclusions:

On a principlist approach, certain actions may be neither morally right nor wrong (permissible nor impermissible).
The proposed framework offers a more precise understanding of moral indeterminacy in ethical decision-making.
This has crucial implications for how individuals and societies should approach and manage decisions involving risk, particularly in public health contexts.