Summer anoestrus in buffalo--a review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Animal Science
• Environmental Physiology

Background:

• Summer anoestrus significantly hinders reproductive and productive efficiency in buffalo populations.
• Environmental factors like photoperiod, temperature, and humidity, coupled with poor nutrition, predispose buffaloes to this condition.
• The condition results from endocrine imbalances leading to ovarian inactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the factors contributing to summer anoestrus in buffaloes.
• To elucidate the endocrinology and reproductive effects of summer anoestrus.
• To discuss potential remedial strategies for improving productivity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of factors affecting summer anoestrus in buffaloes.
• Analysis of the endocrine profile and ovarian activity during summer anoestrus.
• Evaluation of hormonal regimens for oestrus induction and conception.

Main Results:

• Environmental stressors (long days, heat, humidity) and poor nutrition trigger summer anoestrus.
• Increased day length and temperature induce hyperprolactinemia, suppressing gonadotrophins and altering ovarian steroidogenesis.
• Heat stress negatively impacts folliculogenesis, follicular fluid, and oocyte quality.

Conclusions:

• A holistic approach integrating environmental, nutritional, and management improvements is essential.
• Hormonal manipulation shows variable efficacy and requires supportive management strategies.
• Effective management of summer anoestrus is crucial for enhancing buffalo productivity.