Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mpi-driven N-glycosylation orchestrates mucin O-glycosylation and intestinal homeostasis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

PPa1 insufficiency drives lysosomal storage disease and inflammatory macrophage expansion in the bone marrow.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Structural insights into GM4951 as a lipid droplet GTPase regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The Structural Basis for Pacs1-Wdr37 Complex Assembly and Stability.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The Rab32-LRMDA-Retriever Complex is a Key Regulator of Intestinal Immune Homeostasis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A hypomorphic Mpi mutation unlocks an in vivo tool for studying global N-glycosylation deficiency.

JCI insight·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Intracellular toll-like receptors.

Amanda L Blasius1, Bruce Beutler

  • 1Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Immunity
|March 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Foreign nucleic acids trigger intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to initiate innate immune responses. Understanding these pathways is crucial for host protection and preventing autoimmune diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Foreign nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria are detected inside host cells.
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize these nucleic acids within endolysosomal compartments.
  • This recognition activates cytokine production, crucial for innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest findings on intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
  • To emphasize ligand uptake, receptor trafficking, signaling, and regulation mechanisms.
  • To discuss the dual role of nucleic acid sensing in host protection and autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on intracellular TLRs.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways involved in nucleic acid sensing.

More Related Videos

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

  • Focus on ligand uptake, receptor trafficking, signaling cascades, and regulatory mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Intracellular TLRs are key sensors of foreign nucleic acids.
    • TLR activation leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons.
    • Specific cellular pathways govern the interaction of nucleic acids and TLRs within endosomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The intracellular sensing of nucleic acids via TLRs is essential for combating infections.
    • Dysregulation of these pathways can contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders.
    • Further research into TLRs' intracellular functions is vital for understanding immune responses and autoimmunity.