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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
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Yeast pre-rRNA processing and modification occur cotranscriptionally.

Martin Kos1, David Tollervey

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK. martin.kos@bzh.uni-heidelberg.de

Molecular Cell
|March 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals key insights into yeast ribosome synthesis by analyzing metabolic labeling data. Findings show early processing and methylation of nascent transcripts, advancing our understanding of ribosomal RNA maturation.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Ribosome synthesis is crucial for cellular function.
  • Understanding yeast ribosome biogenesis provides insights into fundamental cellular processes.
  • Previous studies suggested pre-rRNA modification occurs post-transcriptionally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetics of yeast ribosome synthesis.
  • To determine the timing and patterns of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing and modification.
  • To clarify whether modifications occur on nascent or released transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Development of rapid harvesting and analysis techniques for metabolically labeled yeast cultures.
  • Kinetic data modeling to predict and compare pre-rRNA lifetimes and processing patterns.
  • High-resolution kinetic labeling experiments to track pre-rRNA modifications.

Main Results:

  • Transcription time for 35S primary transcripts estimated at ~170 s at 30°C (~40 nt/s).
  • Approximately 70% of nascent transcripts undergo early cleavage to form 20S pre-rRNA.
  • 20S pre-rRNA is predominantly methylated as nascent transcripts; 27S pre-rRNA shows partial nascent methylation.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative analysis of pre-rRNA processing provides significant biological insights.
  • Early processing and methylation of nascent transcripts are critical steps in yeast ribosome synthesis.
  • Findings challenge previous notions of post-transcriptional modification, highlighting concurrent processing and modification events.