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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

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Heart rate reduction with ivabradine improves erectile dysfunction in parallel to decrease in atherosclerotic plaque

Magnus Baumhäkel¹, Florian Custodis, Nils Schlimmer

¹Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany. magnus@baumhaekel.de

Atherosclerosis

|March 30, 2010

Summary

Ivabradine effectively reduced heart rate and improved erectile function in mice by decreasing oxidative stress and fibrosis. These findings highlight its potential benefits for cardiovascular and endothelial health.

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Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Pharmacology
Erectile Dysfunction Research

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in atherosclerosis and erectile dysfunction.
Ivabradine is a heart rate-lowering medication with potential pleiotropic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of ivabradine on atherosclerotic lesions and erectile function in mice.
To assess the effects of ivabradine in both preventive and reversal models of endothelial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Two treatment regimens of ivabradine were administered to wild-type and ApoE(-/-)-mice.
Erectile function, atherosclerotic plaque formation, oxidative stress, and tissue composition were evaluated.

Main Results:

Ivabradine significantly reduced heart rate and aortic atherosclerotic lesion size.
Penile endothelial function was restored by ivabradine, with reduced oxidative stress and fibrosis.
Increased eNOS expression and decreased collagen content were observed in ivabradine-treated animals.

Conclusions:

Ivabradine demonstrates beneficial effects on penile endothelial function, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
These improvements were observed in both preventive and reversal settings of endothelial dysfunction.