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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...
Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of the GI tract...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue
06:59

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Published on: July 6, 2017

Imaging the hypoglossal nerve.

Pedro Alves1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central-Hospital de São José, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199 Lisboa Codex, Portugal. tojais.pedro@gmail.com

European Journal of Radiology
|March 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the hypoglossal nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroanatomy
  • Neuroradiology
  • Head and Neck Imaging

Background:

  • The hypoglossal nerve is crucial for tongue movement, controlling intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.
  • Damage to this nerve impairs speech and swallowing, necessitating accurate diagnostic approaches.
  • Detailed knowledge of its anatomy is vital for effective imaging and differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an optimal imaging strategy for evaluating hypoglossal nerve pathologies.
  • To correlate imaging techniques with specific anatomical segments of the nerve.
  • To enhance the diagnostic accuracy of hypoglossal nerve diseases.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution imaging studies are essential due to the nerve's small caliber.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is preferred for direct visualization of the nerve.
  • Computed Tomography (CT) excels at detailing the bony anatomy of the skull base foramina.

Main Results:

  • MRI directly visualizes nerve pathology (tumors, inflammation), while CT detects indirect signs (bony changes).
  • Segmenting the hypoglossal nerve (intra-axial, cisternal, skull base, extracranial) guides technique selection.
  • Tailoring imaging to each segment improves detection of segment-specific pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • A segmented approach to hypoglossal nerve imaging, utilizing MRI and CT appropriately, is key.
  • Accurate diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve disorders relies on understanding its anatomy and pathology distribution.
  • Optimized imaging protocols improve the management of conditions affecting the hypoglossal nerve.