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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
Genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
Miguel Gueimonde1, Ana Belén Flórez, Angela H A M van Hoek
1Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
Abstract:
All strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis described to date show medium level resistance to tetracycline. Screening of 26 strains from a variety of sources revealed the presence of tet(W) in all isolates. A transposase gene upstream of tet(W) was found in all strains, and both genes were cotranscribed in strain IPLAIC4. Mutants with increased tetracycline resistance as well as tetracycline-sensitive mutants of IPLAIC4 were isolated and genetically characterized. The native tet(W) gene was able to restore the resistance phenotype to a mutant with an alteration in tet(W) by functional complementation, indicating that tet(W) is necessary and sufficient for the tetracycline resistance seen in B. animalis subsp. lactis.
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