Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:

Decision Making: P-value Method

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Nursing Evaluation

Nursing Evaluation

The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
Section...

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genotypic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in a clinical trial of RTS,S vaccination in combination with seasonal malaria chemoprevention.

Malaria journal·2026

Same author

Anthropophagy and Ecological Bridges: Blood-Meal Patterns of Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse, 1894) and Native <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Linnaeus, 1762 and Their Implications for Arbovirus Emergence in Central Africa.

Tropical medicine and infectious disease·2026

Same author

The burden of malaria-attributable maternal anaemia and the impact of preventive treatment across sub-Saharan Africa.

Nature health·2026

Same author

Leptotrombidium imphalum Chiggers as Vector for Scrub Typhus in Human Settlements, India, 2022-2023.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Cost of illness of scrub typhus in South India - a population-based, mixed-methods study.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026

Same author

Diagnostic accuracy of an enzyme-based point-of-care test versus Nugent score for bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in Zambia.

BMC infectious diseases·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

Evaluating delivery systems: complex evaluations and plausibility inference.

Jayne Webster¹, Margaret Kweku, McDamien Dedzo

¹Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT. Jayne.webster@lshtm.ac.uk

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

|March 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating insecticide-treated net (ITN) delivery systems is crucial for intervention coverage. This study in Ghana highlights challenges in voucher uptake and offers, indicating potential overestimation of success without process evaluation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Systems Research
Vector Control

Background:

Effective delivery systems are essential for widespread intervention coverage.
Evaluating the intermediate processes of delivery systems is critical for accurate assessment.
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are vital for malaria prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a new insecticide-treated net (ITN) delivery system in Ghana.
To assess the impact of the delivery system on ITN ownership and utilization.
To examine intermediate process indicators, such as voucher uptake and offer rates.

Main Methods:

A pre- and post-implementation cross-sectional observational study design was employed.
The study was conducted in two regions of Ghana: Volta and Eastern.
Data collection included assessing ITN ownership, voucher usage, and offer rates among eligible populations.

Main Results:

In Eastern Region, ITN ownership increased significantly (13.7% to 26.0%, P < 0.001), but voucher utilization was low (0.5%).
In Volta Region, ITN ownership showed a marginal increase (38.3% to 45.4%, P = 0.06) with higher voucher utilization (6.5%).
Offer rates for vouchers varied, with only 40.7% and 21.1% of eligible antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees receiving vouchers in Volta and Eastern Regions, respectively.

Conclusions:

Accurate evaluation of ITN delivery systems requires assessing intermediate processes, not just outcome measures.
Low voucher uptake and offer rates can lead to overestimation of a delivery system's success.
Improved strategies are needed to enhance the efficiency and reach of ITN delivery systems.