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Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
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Task context and frontal lobe activation in the Stroop task.

Darlene Floden1, Antonino Vallesi, Donald T Stuss

  • 1Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. flodend@ccf.org

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|March 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Frontal lobe function, crucial for overriding habits, involves the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This study reconciles conflicting lesion and imaging data on ACC

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The frontal lobes are critical for executive functions, including response inhibition and cognitive flexibility.
  • Neuroimaging studies show increased anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation during tasks with competing responses (incongruent trials).
  • Lesion evidence regarding the ACC's necessity in these situations is inconsistent, potentially due to differing experimental contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile conflicting findings between lesion and neuroimaging studies on the role of the ACC in cognitive control.
  • To investigate how task procedures (context) influence ACC and dorsolateral frontal activation during Stroop task performance.
  • To examine the relationship between behavioral Stroop interference and brain activity in the ACC and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed clinical and experimental versions of the Stroop task during BOLD fMRI acquisition.
  • Brain activation patterns in the ACC and left dorsolateral frontal regions were analyzed in relation to congruent and incongruent trial types.
  • The correlation between the behavioral Stroop interference effect and regional brain activity was assessed.

Main Results:

  • ACC activation was found to be specific to unblocked-uncued incongruent Stroop conditions, which differ from those used in many neuropsychological studies.
  • A significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of the behavioral Stroop interference effect and activity in both the ACC and left dorsolateral regions.
  • The direction of this correlation differed between the ACC and the left dorsolateral regions.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that task context significantly influences ACC activation patterns during cognitive control tasks.
  • The results suggest distinct, yet complementary, roles for the ACC and left dorsolateral frontal regions in cognitive control, potentially involving activation, monitoring, and task setting.
  • This study helps to explain disparate findings in previous case series by highlighting the importance of task parameters in neuropsychological research.