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Community oriented primary care: origins, evolution, applications.

S Tollman1

  • 1Department of Population Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Community oriented primary care (COPC) originated in 1940s South Africa. This model integrates primary medical care and community health for defined populations, with growing global experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Health Systems Research

Background:

  • Community oriented primary care (COPC) is a widely used term, often lacking a clear understanding of its historical context and core components.
  • The concept's origins trace back to the 1940s in South Africa with Sidney Kark's work in the Pholela region.
  • Early implementation in South Africa was interrupted by political changes.

Observation:

  • The theoretical underpinnings of COPC were further developed in Jerusalem in the early 1960s.
  • COPC involves the systematic integration of primary medical care and community health strategies.
  • This approach is applied to specific, defined communities.

Findings:

  • The article reviews the historical evolution and theoretical basis of COPC.

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  • It examines the widespread implementation and subsequent curtailment in South Africa.
  • Current global experiences with COPC in the United States and elsewhere are analyzed.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding the history and theory of COPC is crucial for effective implementation.
    • COPC offers a model for systematically addressing community health needs within primary care.
    • Further research and critical assessment are needed to optimize COPC practices worldwide.