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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
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Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A relationship between variables shows correlation, but it does not show cause-and-effect. A direct cause-and-effect relationship requires additional controlled experiments. If no consistent relationship exists between the variables, then there is no correlation.Correlation versus CausationIf the dependent variable increases or decreases when the...
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Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Statistical evidence for ancestral correlation patterns.

Andrea Kuhn1, Manuel Dehnert, Werner E Helm

  • 1Mathematics and Science Faculty, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.

Bio Systems
|March 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical correlations in eukaryotic DNA sequences reveal an ancestral signature in mammals after removing repetitive DNA. This pattern suggests insights into genome evolution and common ancestry.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Statistical correlations in DNA sequences are crucial for understanding genome evolution.
  • Previous work has explored these correlations, necessitating further investigation into specific genomic features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how short-range DNA sequence correlations in eukaryotic genomes are affected by the removal of different types of repetitive DNA.
  • To identify a potential ancestral correlation signature in mammalian genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of DNA sequences from various eukaryotic genomes.
  • Systematic elimination of different classes of repetitive DNA elements (e.g., simple repeats, SINEs, LINEs).
  • Analysis of resulting changes in short-range correlation patterns.

Main Results:

  • A common residual correlation pattern emerges in most mammalian species after the elimination of all repetitive DNA.
  • This residual pattern is hypothesized to represent an ancestral correlation signature.
  • Simple repeats and SINEs, upon deletion, shift the correlation pattern towards the ancestral signature.
  • LINEs, upon deletion, move the correlation pattern away from the ancestral signature.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a conserved DNA correlation pattern in mammals, likely reflecting an ancestral state.
  • The findings highlight the differential impact of various repetitive DNA elements on genome-wide correlations.
  • This research provides a framework for associating specific repeat classes with evolutionary genomic patterns and common ancestry.