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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Visualizing Low-Abundance Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications in Living Drosophila Embryos via Fluorescent Antibody Injection
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Antibody vectors for imaging.

Tove Olafsen1, Anna M Wu

  • 1UCLA Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA. tolafsen@mednet.ucla.edu

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|March 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered antibody fragments, like diabodies and minibodies, improve molecular imaging probe accumulation in tumors. These antibody-based tracers show promise for diagnosing and managing diseases like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Molecular imaging
  • Antibody engineering

Background:

  • Noninvasive molecular imaging relies on probes accumulating at target sites.
  • Monoclonal antibodies offer high affinity but have unsuitable long circulation times for imaging.
  • Protein engineering aims to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics for imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate engineered antibody fragments as molecular imaging probes.
  • To assess the impact of fragment size and valency on tumor accumulation.
  • To explore antibody fragments for various imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of antibody fragments (scFv, diabodies, minibodies, scFv-Fc) through protein engineering.
  • Evaluation of fragment pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation.
  • Radiolabeling and conjugation of fragments for imaging studies (gamma cameras, PET, optical, MRI).

Main Results:

  • Larger, bivalent antibody fragments (diabodies, minibodies) showed increased tumor accumulation due to longer blood residence time compared to monovalent scFv.
  • Radiolabeled fragments produced high-contrast images in gamma cameras and PET scanners.
  • Conjugation to various imaging agents (fluorescence, bioluminescence, nanoparticles) was explored.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered antibody fragments offer improved targeting and accumulation for molecular imaging.
  • Factors like fragment stability, labeling chemistry, and target characteristics influence imaging success.
  • Antibody-based molecular imaging tracers are poised for significant roles in disease diagnosis and management.