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Dilemmas in chronic/persistent pain management
Warren A Katz1, Robert L Barkin
1University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract:
The burden of chronic/persistent pain is substantial for the patient and society as a whole. Although a variety of pharmacologic treatments are available, chronic/persistent pain remains inadequately treated. Many pharmacologic treatment options provide analgesic efficacy for 4 to 6 hours, requiring multiple doses for continuous pain relief. The inconvenience of multiple doses may prevent many patients from achieving adequate pain relief. Other limitations to the current pharmacologic treatment options include gastrointestinal effects, cardiovascular effects, and organ toxicity, as well as fear of abuse or addiction. The purpose of this review is to highlight the burden of chronic/persistent pain in today's society and discuss the limitations of short-acting pharmacologic therapies used in the treatment of chronic/persistent pain.
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Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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