Caries risk and orthodontic treatment

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Cariology

Background:

• Orthodontic treatment is recognized to increase the risk of dental caries.
• This risk is attributed to orthodontic appliances that promote plaque accumulation, alterations in oral microbiota, and patient age.
• Compromised treatment outcomes and patient harm can result from caries development during orthodontic care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a diagnostic approach for assessing caries risk before and during orthodontic treatment.
• To present evidence-based preventive measures for managing caries risk in orthodontic patients.
• To emphasize the importance of patient education and motivation for oral hygiene.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of scientific literature on orthodontic treatment and caries risk.
• Evaluation of diagnostic tools for caries risk assessment.
• Analysis of preventive strategies, including fluoride application, chlorhexidine use, and sealant application.
• Assessment of appliance modifications to minimize plaque retention.

Main Results:

• A comprehensive caries risk evaluation is necessary prior to appliance placement and should be conducted regularly throughout treatment.
• Preventive measures, such as patient education on oral hygiene, topical fluoride application (e.g., fluoride varnish), chlorhexidine varnish, and dental sealants, are effective.
• Minimizing the use of plaque-retaining components like bands and elastomeric ties can reduce risk.

Conclusions:

• A proactive diagnostic and preventive strategy is essential for managing caries risk in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
• Integrating regular risk assessments and evidence-based preventive interventions can mitigate the adverse effects of orthodontic treatment on dental health.
• Collaboration between orthodontists and patients is key to achieving optimal oral health outcomes during and after treatment.