New treatment modalities in osteoporosis
1Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105-1299 , USA. ecanalis@stfranciscare.org
Summary
New osteoporosis treatments include novel agents that reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation. Long-term effectiveness and safety are key for these emerging osteoporosis management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Bone biology and pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Menopause increases bone remodeling, necessitating treatments to stabilize bone mass.
- Osteoporosis management requires agents that either suppress bone resorption or enhance bone formation.
- Current research focuses on novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recently discovered agents for osteoporosis management.
- To identify treatments in development for osteoporosis.
- To explore novel antiresorptive and anabolic therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review utilizing PubMed.
- Inclusion of agents under study or review for approval.
- Analysis of emerging osteoporosis treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- Novel antiresorptive agents include denosumab, selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., bazedoxifene), and cathepsin K inhibitors (e.g., odanacatib).
- Parathyroid hormone is the sole approved anabolic agent; novel anabolic therapies target bone-forming factors or Wnt signaling.
- Antibodies to Wnt antagonists like sclerostin are under development for osteoporosis treatment.
Conclusions:
- Emerging osteoporosis treatments encompass novel antiresorptive and anabolic agents.
- Long-term efficacy and safety profiles will determine the success of these new therapies.
- Continued research into bone remodeling pathways offers new therapeutic avenues.
Related Concept Videos
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
01:29Bone Disorders
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:40Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
01:31Bone Remodeling and Repair
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
01:26Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...