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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

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Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

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The adaptor molecule CARD9 is essential for tuberculosis control.

Anca Dorhoi1, Christiane Desel, Vladimir Yeremeev

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|March 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Caspase recruitment domain family, member 9 (CARD9) is crucial for controlling tuberculosis by regulating innate immune responses. CARD9 deficiency leads to uncontrolled inflammation and early death in mice due to impaired IL-10 production.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Host-pathogen interactions are initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggering signaling cascades.
  • Caspase recruitment domain family, member 9 (CARD9) is a cytosolic adaptor protein involved in innate immunity.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health challenge requiring a deeper understanding of host defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CARD9 in the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which CARD9 influences host defense and disease progression in TB.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Card9 knockout (Card9(-/-)) mice for aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Assessed mycobacterial burden, lung pathology, immune cell recruitment, and cytokine profiles.
  • Investigated the impact of CARD9 deficiency on granulocyte function and T cell responses.
  • Employed G-CSF neutralization and neutrophil depletion strategies.

Main Results:

  • Card9(-/-) mice exhibited increased susceptibility to TB, characterized by higher bacterial load, pyogranulomatous pneumonia, and accelerated granulocyte recruitment.
  • Lethality in Card9(-/-) mice was attributed to exacerbated systemic inflammation, evidenced by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and G-CSF.
  • CARD9 deficiency impaired IL-10 production by granulocytes, suggesting a loss of anti-inflammatory feedback.
  • T cell responses remained largely unaffected, while the hematopoietic compartment showed significant alterations.

Conclusions:

  • CARD9 signaling is essential for mounting an effective innate immune response against tuberculosis.
  • Dysregulated innate immunity, driven by CARD9 deficiency, leads to excessive lung inflammation and mortality.
  • The absence of CARD9 disrupts the anti-inflammatory feedback loop, promoting granulocyte-dominated pathology and uncontrolled bacterial growth.