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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Anovulation and ovulation induction.

I Katsikis1, M Kita, A Karkanaki

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Human Reproduction, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ilkats@otenet.gr

Hippokratia
|March 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovulation induction for infertility has risks like multiple pregnancies. Comparing new treatments with clomiphene citrate and follicle-stimulating hormone is crucial for safer, tailored strategies.

Keywords:
anovulationgonadotropinsinfertilityovarian hyperstimulation syndromeovulation induction

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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
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OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Infertility Treatment
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility is commonly treated with clomiphene citrate and follicle-stimulating hormone.
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancies are significant complications of current ovulation induction methods.
  • There is a need for comprehensive data on cumulative pregnancy rates for various induction treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of newer ovulation induction interventions against conventional treatments.
  • To identify patient subgroups that may have different success rates or complication risks with various induction techniques.
  • To improve the cost-effectiveness, safety, and convenience of ovulation induction therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of ovulation induction treatments, including clomiphene citrate, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin-sensitizing drugs, aromatase inhibitors, and laparoscopic ovarian electrocoagulation.
  • Analysis of cumulative singleton and multiple pregnancy rates.
  • Development of multivariate prediction models based on initial patient characteristics to identify subgroups with altered success or complication probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Data on cumulative singleton and multiple pregnancy rates after different ovulation induction treatments are required.
  • Newer interventions like insulin-sensitizing drugs, aromatase inhibitors, and laparoscopic ovarian electrocoagulation warrant comparison with standard therapies.
  • Predictive models could identify patient subgroups for tailored treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying patient subgroups can optimize ovulation induction, leading to more cost-effective and safer treatments.
  • Personalized treatment strategies are essential for improving outcomes in anovulatory infertility.
  • Further research is needed to compare novel and conventional ovulation induction methods and develop predictive models.