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Related Concept Videos

Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the copper windings...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The winding...
Transformers01:26

Transformers

A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
The Ideal Transformer01:26

The Ideal Transformer

In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's tangential component...
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the rated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
10:45

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

Tailoring magnetic nanoparticle for transformers application.

P C Morais1, A S Silva, E S Leite

  • 1Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Núcleo de Física Aplicada, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|April 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diluting magnetic fluid samples reduces nanoparticle surface coatings. This study uses photoacoustic spectroscopy to show molecular desorption driven by osmotic pressure, modeling coating reduction.

More Related Videos

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
06:40

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials

Published on: July 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
10:45

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
06:40

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials

Published on: July 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Magnetic fluids (MFs) feature nanoparticles coated with organic molecules.
  • Surface coating stability is crucial for MF performance.
  • Dilution effects on nanoparticle surface chemistry are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of dilution on magnetic nanoparticle surface coatings in oil-based MFs.
  • Quantify changes in surface grafting using photoacoustic spectroscopy.
  • Develop a model to describe surface coating reduction upon dilution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in the 640-830 nm range.
  • Analyzed the photoacoustic signal intensity changes with sample dilution.
  • Proposed a model based on osmotic pressure gradients and surface desorption.

Main Results:

  • Photoacoustic signal intensity in the band-L region decreased with MF dilution.
  • Observed reduction in surface grafting coefficient upon dilution.
  • The proposed model successfully curve-fitted experimental photoacoustic data.

Conclusions:

  • Dilution induces molecular desorption from nanoparticle surfaces in MFs.
  • Osmotic pressure gradients drive surface coating reduction.
  • PAS is effective for studying surface phenomena in magnetic nanoparticle systems.