Effects of voluntary exercise on bone mineral content in rats

We used a voluntary running model to explore the relationship between average daily running distance and bone mineral status of rats. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned at 6 weeks of age to a sedentary control group (n = 22) or to a group with unlimited access to a running wheel (n = 38). The running distance of exercising rats was monitored daily, and steady-state running levels ranged from 3.2 to 18.1 km/day. At the end of the experimental period, femora and tibiae were dissected and bone mineral content (BMC, g/cm) and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) were measured by single-photon absorptiometry. Cross-sectional morphometry was examined by taking a transverse section of the femoral middiaphysis. Hindlimb percentage fat was significantly higher in controls than in runners (20.0 +/- 1.2 versus 11.1 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.001), and soleus mass was greater in runners than in controls (371 +/- 8.1 versus 320 +/- 0.8 mg, p less than 0.001). Femoral and tibial lengths, weights, and volumes were significantly higher in runners than in controls (p less than 0.005). BMC and BMD were higher in runners than in controls at all sites apart from the distal femur. Cross-sectional areas at the femoral midshaft were greater in running rats than in sedentary controls (6.26 +/- 0.1 versus 5.45 +/- 0.3 mm2, p less than 0.02), as was the polar moment of inertia (15.6 +/- 0.6 versus 12.7 +/- 0.2 mm4, p less than 0.05). No positive correlation was found between distance run and BMC, BMD, cross-sectional area, or polar moment of inertia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)