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Related Concept Videos

Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Breast ptosis: causes and cure.

Brian Rinker1, Melissa Veneracion, Catherine P Walsh

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. brink2@email.uky.edu

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|April 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Key factors contributing to breast ptosis, a common concern for plastic surgery patients, include age, significant weight loss, higher BMI, larger breast size, multiple pregnancies, and smoking. Breastfeeding and exercise were not significant risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Breast ptosis, or sagging breasts, is a frequent condition encountered in plastic surgery.
  • The precise etiological factors underlying breast ptosis remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for patient counseling and surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify significant risk factors associated with the development of breast ptosis.
  • To investigate the relationship between various patient characteristics and the degree of breast ptosis.
  • To provide data that can inform plastic surgeons and patients about ptosis development.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review and telephone interview of 132 patients undergoing breast augmentation or mastopexy.
  • Standardized photographic assessment using the Regnault classification to quantify breast ptosis.
  • Logistic regression analysis to determine the statistical significance of potential risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Age, significant weight loss (>50 lbs), higher body mass index (BMI), larger bra cup size, nulliparity, and smoking history were identified as significant risk factors for breast ptosis (P < 0.05).
  • 85% of patients with at least one pregnancy reported adverse changes in breast shape post-pregnancy.
  • History of breastfeeding, pregnancy weight gain, and lack of regular upper body exercise were not found to be significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors significantly contribute to the development of breast ptosis.
  • Patient age, BMI, smoking status, and pregnancy history are key determinants of breast ptosis.
  • These findings aid in understanding ptosis etiology and can guide clinical practice in plastic surgery.