Counterfeiting in performance- and image-enhancing drugs.

Michael R Graham1, Paul Ryan, Julien S Baker

  • 1The Newman Centre for Sport and Exercise Research, Newman University College, Birmingham, UK. drgraham.ac.uk@live.co.uk

Summary

Counterfeit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and human growth hormone (hGH) are prevalent in the sports market. Analysis revealed over half of injectable AAS and a fifth of oral tablets were counterfeit, posing significant health risks to users.

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