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Related Experiment Videos

Left ventricular ejection activation in the in situ heart.

Y Igarashi1, C P Cheng, W C Little

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.

The American Journal of Physiology
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

End-systolic pressure (ESP) in small ejecting contractions (EC) is higher than in isovolumic contractions (IC) with similar volumes in the in situ heart. This finding suggests a distinct pressure-volume relationship during reduced ejection.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Cardiac Mechanics
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between left ventricular pressure and volume is crucial for diagnosing cardiac conditions.
  • The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) is a key indicator of contractility.
  • Previous studies have primarily focused on isovolumic contractions, leaving the ESPVR during ejecting contractions less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that end-systolic pressure (ESP) during small ejecting contractions (EC) exceeds that of isovolumic contractions (IC) with similar end-systolic volumes.
  • To investigate how the ESPVR differs between ejecting and isovolumic contractions in the in situ heart.

Main Methods:

  • Ejecting contractions (ECs) were induced in dogs via partial aortic occlusion, with simultaneous measurement of left ventricular pressure, dimensions, and aortic flow.

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  • Isovolumic contractions (ICs) were produced using total aortic occlusion.
  • Pressure-volume loops were analyzed, and the end-systolic pressure-volume line was determined tangentially to the EC loops.

    • Main Results:

    • In small ejections, end-systolic pressure was significantly higher (11.3 ± 7.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) during EC compared to IC with similar end-systolic cross-sectional areas.
    • For large ejections, end-systolic pressure during EC was similar to that of IC (P = NS).
    • The slope of the tangential end-systolic pressure-volume line decreased significantly with reduced stroke volume during EC.

    Conclusions:

    • The end-systolic pressure-volume point for beats with small ejections lies above the isovolumic end-systolic pressure-volume relation in the in situ dog left ventricle.
    • This indicates that ventricular loading conditions and ejection dynamics influence the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.