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Frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in Kuwait: a
Soad Al-Bahar1, Adriana Zámecníkova, Ramesh Pandita
1Department of Hematology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait.
Insights
Genetic profiles in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed in Kuwait. High hyperdiploidy was the most common numerical abnormality, while TEL-AML1 fusion was the most frequent structural abnormality in ALL patients.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cytogenetics
Background:
- Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant childhood cancer.
- Understanding the genetic landscape of ALL is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
- Previous studies have characterized genetic profiles in various populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of specific genetic profiles in pediatric ALL patients in Kuwait.
- To identify common chromosomal aberrations and gene fusions in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- A review of cytogenetic characteristics from 164 pediatric ALL patients over a 6-year period.
- Analysis included chromosomal studies and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on bone marrow aspirates.
- Data collected at diagnosis and during disease progression.
Main Results:
- Recurring aberrations were found in 75% of patients.
- High hyperdiploidy (54%) was the most frequent numerical abnormality.
- TEL-AML1 fusion (7%) was the most common structural abnormality, followed by MLL rearrangement (3.6%).
Conclusions:
- This study provides insight into the genetic profiles of pediatric ALL in Kuwait.
- Identified clonal anomalies show correlations with clinicobiological characteristics.
- Findings contribute to the understanding of genetic heterogeneity in pediatric ALL.
Objective:
To characterize the frequency of genetic profiles in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in Kuwait.
Subjects And Methods:
This review presents the general cytogenetic characteristics of 164 pediatric patients diagnosed as having ALL in a 6-year period. Chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were made on bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis and during different stages of the disease.
Results:
Recurring aberrations, observed in 123 (75%) patients, included hyperdiploidy (n=68, 41%), tetraploidy (n=12, 7.3%), hypodiploidy (n=2, 1.2%), TEL-AML1 fusion (n=11, 7%), mixed-lineage leukemia rearrangement (n=6, 3.6%), t(9;22) (n=4, 2.4%), t(1;19) (n=3, 1.8%), t(8;14) or t(8;22) (n=2, 1.2%), +21 (n=2, 1.2%), del(6) (n=2, 1.2%) and miscellaneous abnormalities (n=9, 5%). The highest observed numerical chromosome abnormality was high hyperdiploidy in 89 patients (54%) with abnormal karyotype while the TEL-AML fusion was the highest observed structural abnormality.
Conclusion:
This study showed that clonal anomalies detected in pediatric ALL have shown correlations between specific abnormalities and clinicobiological characteristics of the patients.
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