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Related Concept Videos

The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
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Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Published on: December 11, 2020

Pineal proteins upregulate specific antioxidant defense systems in the brain.

Vijay K Bharti1, R S Srivastava

  • 1Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (U.P.), India. vijaykbharti@rediffmail.com

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
|April 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Buffalo pineal proteins (PP) were investigated for their antioxidant effects in female rat brains. PP administration increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, suggesting potential benefits for oxidative stress-related neurological disorders.

Keywords:
antioxidantsbrainbuffalo pineal proteinsenzymesoxidative stressrat

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Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
10:00

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Published on: December 11, 2020

Lipidomics and Transcriptomics in Neurological Diseases
09:58

Lipidomics and Transcriptomics in Neurological Diseases

Published on: March 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroprotection

Background:

  • The pineal gland, beyond melatonin, produces proteins influencing physiological functions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests pineal secretory products may possess antioxidant properties.
  • This study explores the antioxidant role of buffalo pineal proteins (PP) in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of buffalo pineal proteins (PP) on the antioxidant defense system in the brain of female rats.
  • To assess the effects of PP on key antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups: control (0 day), control (28 day), vehicle control, and buffalo PP treatment.
  • Buffalo PP (100 μg/kg BW) were administered intraperitoneally daily for 28 days.
  • Brain tissue analysis included measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Main Results:

  • Buffalo PP administration did not affect brain lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels.
  • Significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed (p < 0.05).
  • Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly elevated in PP-treated rats compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Buffalo pineal proteins (PP) modulate specific components of the brain's antioxidant defense system.
  • PP administration upregulates SOD and CAT, indicating a potential protective role against oxidative stress.
  • These findings suggest buffalo PP may be beneficial in managing oxidative stress-induced neuronal diseases.