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Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Intestinal polyparasitism in a rural Kenyan community.

P N Nguhiu1, H C Kariuki, J K Magambo

  • 1Animal Health and Industry Training Institute, P.O. Box 29040-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.

East African Medical Journal
|April 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Polyparasitism, the presence of multiple intestinal parasites, is common in a Kenyan rural community, especially among individuals aged 5-24. An integrated approach is recommended to control key parasites like Schistosoma mansoni and Entamoeba histolytica.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Polyparasitism is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, but its health impacts and parasite interactions are poorly understood.
  • Limited data exists on the epidemiological significance and long-term health consequences of co-infections in endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and co-occurrence of intestinal parasites in a rural Kenyan community.
  • To identify key parasite species and their associations within the studied population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kiteng'ei village, Kibwezi, Makueni district, Kenya.
  • 1,045 individuals (263 adult males, 271 adult females, 232 boys, 279 girls) participated.
  • Parasite infections were treated with Praziquantel for Schistosomiasis and Albendazole for soil-transmitted helminths.

Main Results:

  • Ten intestinal parasite species (5 protozoan, 5 helminth) were identified.
  • Polyparasitism was common in individuals aged 5-24, with no gender differences.
  • Prevalence: Entamoeba histolytica (12.6%), Giardia lamblia (4.2%), Schistosoma mansoni (28%), hookworms (10%).
  • 53% of the population had infections; 22% had multiple species.
  • Significant positive associations found between S. mansoni and hookworms, hookworms and Hymenolepis nana, and Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal polyparasitism is highly prevalent in the Kiteng'ei community, particularly in the 5-24 age group.
  • Integrated control programs targeting Schistosoma mansoni, hookworms, and Entamoeba histolytica are recommended.