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Strain diversity within Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis--a review

J S Sohal1, S V Singh, A V Singh

  • 1Microbiology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO- Farah, Mathura, India.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
|April 3, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease in animals and is linked to Crohn's disease in humans. Molecular typing advances MAP strain differentiation, aiding disease control and understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease in animals and a suspected factor in human Crohn's disease.
  • The organism's fastidious nature has historically limited studies on its diversity.
  • Phenotypic methods offer incomplete insights into MAP strain variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) strain diversity.
  • To highlight the role of molecular typing in understanding MAP epidemiology and evolution.
  • To consolidate information on MAP host adaptations, virulence, genomics, and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP).
  • Analysis of molecular typing techniques including IS900 RFLP, PFGE, IS1311 PCR-REA, SSR, and VNTR typing.
  • Examination of comparative genomics and evolutionary studies.

Main Results:

  • Molecular assays have significantly advanced the differentiation of MAP strains, revealing diverse types and subtypes.
  • Optimization of typing assays has provided new insights into MAP comparative genomics, evolution, and virulence.
  • Strain diversity knowledge is crucial for understanding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and developing control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular typing is essential for characterizing Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) diversity.
  • Understanding MAP strain variation is critical for effective disease management, vaccine development, and epidemiological studies.
  • This review synthesizes current data on MAP strain characteristics, host adaptation, and evolution.

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