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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Multiple sclerosis in the elderly patient.

Amer Awad1, Olaf Stüve

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Drugs & Aging
|April 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects aging populations, including adult-onset (AOMS) and late-onset (LOMS) patients. This review details their characteristics and therapeutic strategies, considering immunosenescence and age-related changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease.
  • Improved care has increased life expectancy for adult-onset MS (AOMS) patients, leading to an aging population with MS.
  • Late-onset MS (LOMS) presents unique diagnostic challenges and management considerations in elderly individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize senescent AOMS and LOMS patients.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for elderly MS patients.
  • To highlight the relevance of focusing on these aging patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MS in elderly populations.
  • Analysis of immunosenescence and age-associated disease characteristics.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and therapeutic modifications for older MS patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Elderly MS patients include both senescent AOMS and LOMS groups.
    • LOMS diagnosis is complicated by age-related conditions and atypical presentations.
    • Age-related changes in organ function and comorbidities necessitate tailored MS management.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the distinct characteristics of senescent AOMS and LOMS is crucial.
    • Therapeutic approaches must account for immunosenescence and age-related comorbidities in MS.
    • Focusing on aging MS populations is increasingly important due to demographic trends.