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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Videos

Update on primary biliary cirrhosis.

Pietro Invernizzi1, Carlo Selmi, M Eric Gershwin

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy. pietro.invernizzi@humanitas.it

Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
|April 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with unknown causes. Research is exploring genetic and environmental factors, utilizing new mouse models to understand disease mechanisms.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease.
  • It involves progressive destruction of bile ducts, leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.
  • Autoimmune pathogenesis is evidenced by autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review recent data on the aetiopathogenesis of PBC.
  • To discuss current theories and developments in PBC research.
  • To suggest future research directions for understanding PBC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical data.
  • Analysis of evidence for genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
  • Evaluation of insights from newly developed murine models of PBC.

Main Results:

  • The aetiology of PBC remains largely unknown.
  • Both genetic predisposition and environmental triggers are implicated.
  • Murine models offer promising avenues for studying disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact causes of PBC.
  • Identifying specific environmental factors is crucial.
  • Understanding PBC pathophysiology is essential for developing effective treatments.