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Published on: August 25, 2017

Chronic hypercapnia alters lung matrix composition in mouse pups.

Julie Ryu¹, Gregory P Heldt, Mary Nguyen

¹University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0735, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. J1Ryu@ucsd.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

|April 3, 2010

Summary

Permissive hypercapnia, or high carbon dioxide levels, during early life may alter lung development by thinning alveolar walls and reducing matrix proteins. This suggests hypercapnia impacts lung remodeling, particularly in developing lungs.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal physiology
Pulmonary development
Respiratory medicine

Background:

Permissive hypercapnia is a ventilation strategy that reduces lung injury in premature infants.
The independent effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) on lung development are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of hypercapnia on lung development and remodeling in early life.
To determine if adult exposure to hypercapnia elicits similar lung changes.

Main Methods:

Mice were exposed to 8% CO(2) or room air for two weeks during development (postnatal days 2-17) or as adults.
Lungs were analyzed for histology, protein and mRNA levels, and total lung volumes.

Main Results:

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Neonatal hypercapnia exposure led to thinner alveolar walls and doubled total lung volumes in mouse pups.

Key matrix proteins (collagens, elastin, fibronectin) and their mRNA were downregulated in hypercapnic pups.

Increased matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) suggest enhanced collagen degradation.

Adult mice showed only mild increases in lung volume without significant molecular or histologic changes.

Conclusions:

Exposure to hypercapnia during early life significantly impacts lung remodeling, leading to altered structure and biomechanics.
While beneficial for preventing barotrauma, hypercapnia may have independent effects on lung development, especially in neonates.