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An Integrated Micro-Device System for Coral Growth and Monitoring
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How microbial community composition regulates coral disease development.

Justin Mao-Jones1, Kim B Ritchie, Laura E Jones

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|April 3, 2010
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Coral mucus microbial communities can shift to pathogen dominance after stress, persisting even after conditions improve. This loss of beneficial microbes increases coral vulnerability to disease and bleaching.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Coral reefs face global decline due to bleaching and disease.
  • Microbial community shifts in coral mucus are linked to disease and bleaching.
  • Pathogenic microbes, like Vibrio spp., can outcompete beneficial symbionts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model microbial community dynamics in coral mucus.
  • To understand coral holobiont vulnerability to pathogens.
  • To investigate the impact of environmental changes on microbial community stability.

Main Methods:

  • Development of computational models for microbial community dynamics.
  • Parameterization of models using Vibrio spp. as a model pathogen.
  • Analysis of microbial interactions and community state shifts.

Main Results:

  • Identified alternate stable states: one beneficial, antibiotic-producing microbial community and one pathogen-dominated state.
  • Demonstrated that transient stress (e.g., warming) can trigger a persistent shift to pathogen dominance.
  • Showed that loss of antibiotic activity in coral mucus can be long-lasting.

Conclusions:

  • Coral mucus microbial communities exhibit alternative stable states.
  • Environmental stress can cause irreversible shifts towards pathogen dominance.
  • Loss of beneficial microbes compromises coral defenses, increasing disease and mortality risk.