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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

P16INK4A--A possible marker in HPV persistence screening.

Coralia Bleotu1, Anca Botezatu, Cristina D Goia

  • 1Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania. cbleotu@yahoo.com

Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

p16INK4a expression is a valuable marker for cervical cancer. Higher p16INK4a levels correlate with more severe cervical lesions and hrHPV presence, aiding in early diagnosis.

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Published on: March 11, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer diagnosis relies on cytological evaluation.
  • p16INK4a protein is implicated in cell cycle regulation and cancer development.
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of cervical cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between p16INK4a expression levels and cervical carcinogenesis stages.
  • To evaluate p16INK4a as a potential diagnostic marker for cervical lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Cytological analysis of cervical smears from 50 women.
  • HPV DNA detection using the INNOLIPA kit.
  • Semiquantitative assessment of p16INK4a expression via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • p16INK4a expression significantly increased with the severity of cervical lesions (LSIL, HSIL/cancer) compared to normal (NILM).
  • Significant differences in p16INK4a levels were observed between ASCUS:HSIL and LSIL:HSIL groups.
  • p16INK4a mRNA presence correlated with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes in both low and high-grade lesions.

Conclusions:

  • p16INK4a expression is a reliable indicator of cervical carcinogenesis progression.
  • p16INK4a serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for identifying and grading cervical lesions.
  • The correlation with hrHPV underscores p16INK4a's role in HPV-driven cervical disease.