Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neurocognitive academic training to improve symptoms executive functions and Chinese handwriting in children with ADHD.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

Cross-cultural variations in executive function impairments among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

JCPP advances·2026
Same author

Portable EEG for assessing attention in educational settings: A scoping review.

Acta psychologica·2025
Same author

EEG activation in preschool children: Characteristics and predictive value for current and future mental health status.

Research in developmental disabilities·2024
Same author

Brain and heart activity during interactions with pet dogs: A portable electroencephalogram and heart rate variability study.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2024
Same author

Automatic sensory change processing in adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a visual mismatch negativity study.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Varying required effort during interference control in children with AD/HD: task performance and ERPs.

Stuart J Johnstone1, Annele J Watt, Aneta Dimoska

  • 1Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. sjohnsto@uow.edu.au

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) by manipulating task effort in children. Findings suggest state regulation, not inhibition, may underlie AD/HD deficits.

More Related Videos

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Prominent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) models propose core deficits in disinhibition or energetic regulation.
  • Investigating the influence of task-directed effort on interference control is crucial for understanding AD/HD.
  • Stimulus degradation offers a method to manipulate task effort and assess cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test prominent AD/HD models by examining the impact of task-directed effort on interference control.
  • To investigate whether inhibition deficits in AD/HD are secondary to dysfunctional energetic regulation.
  • To explore the role of state regulation in AD/HD.

Main Methods:

  • A modified visual Eriksen flanker task was administered to 20 children with AD/HD and 20 age-matched controls.
  • Task performance, electroencephalography (EEG), and skin conductance level (SCL) were recorded under varying stimulus degradation (0%, 30%, 60%).
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs), including N2 and P3 components, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Task performance showed a quadratic effect, improving at 30% degradation.
  • Children with AD/HD exhibited a tendency for more errors and variable responding, but no significant interference control deficits behaviorally.
  • Reduced SCL in the AD/HD group normalized with increased degradation; atypical N2 and P3 activation was observed in AD/HD as a function of degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral interference control was not impaired in children with AD/HD.
  • Findings suggest that state regulation, rather than disinhibition or energetic deficits, may play a more significant role in AD/HD.
  • Atypical ERP component activation in response to task demands highlights the complexity of cognitive control in AD/HD.