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Regional differences in apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Finland.

T Lehtimäki1, T Moilanen, T Nikkari

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.

Annals of Medicine
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype influences cholesterol levels in Finnish children and adolescents. The apoE E4/4 phenotype was associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol, with regional differences observed in Finland.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Cardiovascular Health
  • Lipid Metabolism Research
  • Population Health Studies

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism is a known determinant of plasma lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
  • Understanding apoE's impact on lipids in pediatric populations is crucial for early cardiovascular risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apoE phenotypes and plasma lipid profiles in a large cohort of Finnish children and adolescents.
  • To examine geographical variations in apoE phenotype-lipid associations within Finland.
  • To assess the longitudinal stability of these associations over a six-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotyping was conducted on plasma samples from 1564 subjects (aged 3-18 years) using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.

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  • Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, and triglycerides were measured.
  • Data were analyzed considering five geographical areas of Finland and a six-year follow-up period (1980-1986).

    • Main Results:

    • Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels significantly varied with apoE phenotype, showing a dose-dependent increase with the E4 allele (E2/2 < E3/2 < E4/2 < E3/3 < E4/3 < E4/4).
    • These phenotype-dependent differences were consistent across all five geographical areas.
    • While mean HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and triglyceride levels did not differ by phenotype or region, the association between apoE phenotype and total/LDL cholesterol remained significant over the follow-up.
    • A significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in both east and west Finland, with a steeper decline in the east. The magnitude of cholesterol reduction during follow-up was influenced by apoE phenotype in west Finland.

    Conclusions:

    • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype is a significant determinant of lipid levels, particularly total and LDL cholesterol, in Finnish children and adolescents.
    • Geographical variations exist in cholesterol trends, and the influence of apoE phenotype on cholesterol reduction over time is region-specific.
    • These findings highlight the importance of genetic factors like apoE in pediatric lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk stratification.