Enzymatic proteolysis of alpha gliadin monolayer spread at the air-water interface

The mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis under the proteolytic enzyme action of a plant protein alpha gliadin organized as a model monolayer system at the air/water interface was studied. The advantage of the monolayer technique is the ability to control and modify easily the interfacial organization of the molecules and the possibility to optimize the conditions for the hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was studied by using a traditional barostat surface balance. The hydrolysis kinetic was followed by measuring simultaneously the decrease of the surface area and change of the surface potential with time. The decrease with time in film area is result of the random scission of the peptide bonds of polypeptide chain and their solubilization in the aqueous subphase. The interpretation of the surface potential data is based on the contribution of the dipole moments of the intact and broken peptide groups. An appropriate kinetic model describing the proteolytic action of a peptidase was applied and the global kinetic constant was obtained. The random scission of the protein chains gave kinetic constants comparable with those measured during the hydrolytic scission of polyester macromolecules but quite different to the values obtained with short-chain lipids.