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Related Concept Videos

Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions01:19

Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions

Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Some new biologically active metal-based sulfonamide.

Zahid H Chohan1, Hazoor A Shad, Moulay H Youssoufi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-60800, Pakistan. dr.zahidchohan@gmail.com

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New sulfonamide Schiff bases and their metal complexes were synthesized and evaluated for biological activities. These compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial and significant antifungal properties, indicating potential therapeutic applications.

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Schiff bases derived from sulfonamides are recognized for their diverse biological activities.
  • Transition metal complexes often exhibit enhanced pharmacological properties compared to their parent ligands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel sulfonamide-derived Schiff bases and their metal complexes with first-row d-transition metal ions (Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)).
  • To investigate the structural, bonding, and biological properties of these synthesized compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis via condensation of sulfonamides with aromatic aldehydes.
  • Characterization using spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR, electronic spectra, mass spectrometry, CHN analysis).
  • Structural elucidation of a representative ligand via X-ray diffraction.
  • Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of sulfonamide Schiff bases and their metal complexes.
  • Determination of octahedral geometry for the metal complexes.
  • Demonstrated moderate to significant in vitro antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains.
  • Exhibited good in vitro antifungal activity against tested fungal strains.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized sulfonamide Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes possess promising antimicrobial properties.
  • The structural and biological data suggest potential for these compounds in developing new therapeutic agents.