Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MiR-494-5p suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis by multi-level targeting of KAT2B, a novel mechanism disrupting KAT2B enhancer-promoter looping, and inhibiting c-JUN-driven pro-metastatic properties.

Molecular cancer·2026
Same author

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis: the status quo of methods and experimental models 2025.

Molecular cancer·2025
Same author

JAK1 Is a Novel Target of Tumor- and Invasion-Suppressive microRNA 494-5p in Colorectal Cancer.

Cancers·2024
Same author

Expression Status of Rap1 Pathway-Related Genes in Liver Metastases Compared with Corresponding Primary Colorectal Cancer.

Cancers·2024
Same author

Epigenetically Downregulated Breast Cancer Gene 2 through Acetyltransferase Lysine Acetyltransferase 2B Increases the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer to Olaparib.

Cancers·2023
Same author

Involvement of HHV-4 (Epstein-Barr Virus) and HHV-5 (Cytomegalovirus) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Cancers·2022
Same journal

Early-onset colorectal cancer across Europe: Burden, mechanisms, and health-system implications.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
Same journal

Clinical urgency of incidental findings in the first year of the 4-IN-THE-LUNG-RUN lung cancer screening program.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
Same journal

Clinically relevant endpoints and quality-of-life outcomes with darolutamide in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: Analyses of the phase III ARASENS trial.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the anatomical landscape of colorectal tumours: Location-specific efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies: Pooled analysis of randomised trials.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
Same journal

Left behind but not left alone: Excluded cell populations in the non-small cell lung cancer stroma predict superior long-term overall survival.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
Same journal

Survival outcomes of adjuvant therapy in resected stage III melanoma: Results from a real-life cohort study (TAMARIS).

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Single-molecule Imaging of Gene Regulation In vivo Using Cotranslational Activation by Cleavage (CoTrAC)
11:31

Single-molecule Imaging of Gene Regulation In vivo Using Cotranslational Activation by Cleavage (CoTrAC)

Published on: March 15, 2013

Translational research on u-PAR.

Heike Allgayer1

  • 1Dept. Experimental Surgery/Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors (Collaboration Unit German Cancer Research Center-DKFZ-Heidelberg), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. heike.allgayer@umm.de

European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The urokinase receptor (u-PAR) is crucial in cancer metastasis and proliferation. This review explores its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in oncology.

More Related Videos

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins
12:24

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins

Published on: July 2, 2010

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation
09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Single-molecule Imaging of Gene Regulation In vivo Using Cotranslational Activation by Cleavage (CoTrAC)
11:31

Single-molecule Imaging of Gene Regulation In vivo Using Cotranslational Activation by Cleavage (CoTrAC)

Published on: March 15, 2013

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins
12:24

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins

Published on: July 2, 2010

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation
09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The urokinase receptor (u-PAR) is integral to cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
  • u-PAR is overexpressed in most human solid tumors, highlighting its clinical significance.
  • It plays a key role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and dormancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the in vivo, translational, and clinical relevance of u-PAR in cancer.
  • To outline current and potential applications of u-PAR in oncology.
  • To highlight u-PAR as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on u-PAR in cancer.
  • Analysis of translational and clinical studies involving u-PAR.
  • Discussion of u-PAR's role in tumor biology and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • u-PAR is implicated in key steps of cancer progression, including metastasis.
  • Overexpression of u-PAR is common in various solid cancers.
  • u-PAR shows promise as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Conclusions:

  • u-PAR holds significant translational and clinical relevance in oncology.
  • It can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for neoplasm differentiation.
  • u-PAR serves as a predictive marker for treatment response and a target for novel therapeutics.