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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

An Oct4-centered protein interaction network in embryonic stem cells.

Debbie L C van den Berg1, Tim Snoek1, Nick P Mullin2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Cell Stem Cell
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified 166 proteins interacting with Oct4, a key transcription factor for pluripotent stem cells. This reveals new components of the self-renewal network, advancing our understanding of cell identity.

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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
11:13

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 25, 2018

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular and cell biology
  • Epigenetics and gene regulation

Background:

  • Oct4 is a crucial transcription factor for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • The full range of Oct4's interaction partners and their role in ESCs remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding the Oct4 interactome is vital for deciphering the regulatory networks governing cell identity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize proteins interacting with Oct4 in mouse ESCs.
  • To expand the knowledge of the molecular machinery controlling pluripotency and self-renewal.
  • To investigate the functional relevance of Oct4 interactions in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an improved affinity purification protocol to isolate Oct4-interacting proteins from mouse ESCs.
  • Performed subsequent purification of other key pluripotency factors (Sall4, Tcfcp2l1, Dax1, Esrrb) to build a comprehensive Oct4 interactome.
  • Employed proteomic analysis to identify 166 interacting proteins, including known and novel factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified an Oct4 interactome comprising 166 proteins, including transcription factors and chromatin modifiers involved in self-renewal.
  • Discovered novel factors associated with the ESC network, expanding the known circuitry of pluripotency.
  • Observed interactions between transcription factors and components of TGF-beta, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways.
  • Demonstrated that Oct4 depletion affects the binding of Tcfcp2l1, Dax1, and Esrrb to target genes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed purification protocol provides a refined view of the Oct4 interactome.
  • This study significantly advances the understanding of the molecular circuitry governing pluripotent cell identity.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay of transcription factors and signaling pathways in maintaining stem cell pluripotency.